Variables | Number (Percentage) | OR | 95% CI for OR | p-value | ||
Case | Control | Lower | Upper | |||
Gender -Female -Male | 65(72.2) 25(27.8) 90 | 187(69.3) 83(30.7) 270 | 1.15 1 | 0.68 | 1.96 | 0.69 |
Age -Over 60 yrs. -Under 60 yrs. | 52(57.8) 38(42.2) 90 | 158(58.5) 112(41.5) 270 | 0.97 1 | 0.60 | 1.57 | 0.90 |
Diabetic Medication -Injected Medication -Oral Medication | 72(80.0) 18(20.0) 90 | 119(44.1) 151(55.9) 270 | 5.08 1 | 2.87 | 8.97 | 0.001* |
Duration of Medication -Over 5 yrs. -Under 5 yrs. | 23(25.6) 67(74.4) 90 | 68(25.2) 202(74.8) 270 | 1.02 1 | 0.59 | 1.76 | 0.94 |
Duration of Diabetes -Over 5 yrs. -Under 5 yrs. | 71(78.9) 19(21.1) 90 | 139(51.5) 131(48.5) 270 | 3.52 1 | 2.01 | 6.16 | 0.001* |
Total Cholesterol Level -Total Cholesterol Levelover or equal to 201 mg/dl (Abnormal) -Total Cholesterol Levelbetween 100 mg/dl and 200 mg/dl (Normal) | 39(43.3) 51(56.7) 90 | 77(28.5) 193(71.5) 270 | 1.92 1 | 1.17 | 3.14 | 0.01* |
Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) Test -BUN over, or, equal to 21 mg/dl (Abnormal) -BUN between 12 mg/dl and 20 mg/dl (Normal) | 59(65.6) 31(34.4) 90 | 129(47.8) 141(52.2) 270 | 2.08 1 | 1.27 | 3.42 | 0.003* |
Serum Creatinine (Cr) Test -Cr between 0.6 mg/dl and 1.3 mg/dl(Abnormal) -Cr of over, or, equal to 1.2 mg/dl (Normal) | 66(73.3) 24(26.7) 90 | 156(57.8) 114(42.2) 270 | 2.01 1 | 1.19 | 3.40 | 0.01* |
Hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C) Test -HbA1C of over, or, equal to 7% (Abnormal) -HbA1C between 4% and 7% (Normal) | 39(43.3) 51(56.7) 90 | 116(43.0) 154(57.0) 270 | 1.02 1 | 0.63 | 1.64 | 0.95 |
Co-morbidities -Co-morbidities (such as Hypertension, Coronary Heart Disease and Chronic Renal Failure) -No Co-morbidities | 84(93.3) 6(6.7) 90 | 215(79.6) 55(20.4) 270 | 3.58 1 | 1.49 | 8.63 | 0.03* |
Occurrence of Hypoglycemia at Home within Past Week -At least once. -Never. | 54(60.0) 36(40.0) 90 | 30(11.1) 240(88.9) 270 | 12.0 1 | 6.80 | 21.16 | 0.001* |